Payment to Grassland Ecosystem Service Under Common Agriculture Policy in EU:Changes and Effects
Grassland ecological compensation policy(GECP)in China could be traced back to 2003,and the"Returning Farmland to Grassland"program and the subsidy and incentive mechanism for grassland ecological protection have played an important role in reversing the trend of grassland degradation and protecting the grassland eco-environment.However,China's GECP is now challenged by low compensation standard,unitary compensation method and over-emphasis on grassland recovery.Since 1990,the EU has been exploring to establish the payment to ecosystem services(PES)for grassland under the Common Agricultural Policy(CAP).This paper summarizes the progress and transformation in the EU grassland PES policies and programs under the CAP framework and analyzes the ways of payment and the supervision&evaluation mechanisms adopted by the EU for grassland PES projects.It is found that the EU puts more emphasis on the conservation of grassland ecosystem services in its grassland PES programs,while biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation/adaptation are the priority objectives;the result-based payment is expected to be the mainstream way to pay for grassland ecosystem protection;and independent third-party assessment for grassland PES projects is increasingly implemented as a strong complement to the government-led checks and evaluations.Based on the summarization of the effects of the EU's grassland PES policy,its experience and inspiration is concluded from the three aspects of policy orientation,implementation modes and project monitoring&evaluation,with a view to providing references for further modification of China'policies on grassland ecological compensation.
payment to ecological servicepermanent grasslandgreen paymentapproach to compensationmonitoring&evaluationthe European Union
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