摘要
在俄共(布)十一大和共产国际四大上,列宁对新经济政策的经验教训进行了分析和思考:俄共(布)学会了如何将新经济与农民经济结合,认识到要"从头学起"如何管理企业,如何在无产阶级国家中发展不同于资本主义国家的"国家资本主义".与此同时,列宁清醒地认识到,苏联虽然克服了严重的内部政治危机,但经济上仍是落后的国家,面临严峻的挑战.因此,在生命的最后岁月里,列宁对新生的苏维埃政权在内忧外患情况下如何推动国家机关转型、加强文化工作,以及如何在战略战术的平衡中建设社会主义给出了指示与思考.列宁的这些思考,至今仍对世界社会主义运动的发展具有重要启示意义.
Abstract
At the 11th National Congress of the Russian Communist Party(Bolsheviks)and the 4th Congress of the Communist International,Lenin analyzed and thought about the experiences and lessons of the new economic policy:the Russian Communist Party(Bolsheviks)had learned to integrate the new economy with the peasant economy,and recognized the need to"learn from scratch"to manage enterprises and to develop"state capitalism"in a proletarian state,which is different from that of a capitalist state.At the same time,Lenin was soberly aware that although the Soviet Union had overcome serious internal political crises,it was still an economically backward country facing severe challenges.Thus,in the last years of his life,Lenin thought and gave instructions on how the nascent Soviet power could promote the transformation of the state institutions,strengthen cultural work,and build socialism in a strategic and tactical balance against domestic problems and foreign threats.These thoughts of Lenin are still of great significance for the development of the world socialist movement.
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