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自由与民主:超越西方"普世价值"的全人类共同价值理论建构初探

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自由与民主的"普世价值"是现代自由主义话语建构的产物,西方"普世价值"话语通过概念抽空与内涵置换取得了对自由与民主的唯一定义权,呈现出以现代西方为中心的世界观和以资本主义为中心的历史观.全人类共同价值要求兼顾不同时代、不同国家的共性与特殊性,应当以关系为核心重建自由价值,以人民为本位回归民主真义.自由不可能离开关系而存在,不同关系框架的边界决定了自由的不同限度,关系框架内的不同方位决定了自由的不同程度,只有集体的行动才能带来关系的变革、实现自由的突破.民主需要协调好个体与共同体的关系,因而应当强调个体的团结而非对抗,这要求国家权力服务于人民、让人民成为行动协调体,在坚持人民本位基础上还必须承认不同国家的人民根据自身具体条件作出的多样选择.弘扬全人类共同价值,需要尊重人类文明的多种形态与现代化道路的多种选择,让自由与民主的价值理念服务于人类历史发展.
Freedom and Democracy:A Preliminary Study on Building a Theory of Common Human Values Beyond Western"Universal Values"
The"universal values"of freedom and democracy is a product of the construction of modern liberal discourse.The Western discourse on"universal values"has established its exclusive right to define freedom and democracy through conceptual abstraction and content substitution,presenting a worldview centered on the modern West and a historical view centered on capitalism.common human values require a balance between the commonalities and particularities of different eras and countries.Freedom should be reconstructed with relationship at its core,and there should be a return to the true meaning of democracy with people at the root.Freedom cannot exist without relationships;the scope of freedom varies according to the boundaries of different relationship frameworks,and the different positions within each framework would determine the varying degrees of freedom.Only collective action can bring about changes in relationships and achieve breakthroughs in freedom.Democracy demands a balance in the relationship between the individual and the collective,emphasizing solidarity rather than confrontation.This requires state power to serve the people and enable them to act as a coordinated body.While adhering to a people-centered orientation,it is also necessary to acknowledge the diverse choices made by the people of different countries based on their specific conditions.To promote common human values,it is essential to respect the diverse forms of human civilization and the various paths to modernization,and to ensure that the values of freedom and democracy serve the historical development of human societies.

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北京大学马克思主义学院

自由 民主 全人类共同价值 "普世价值"

国家社会科学基金重大项目

22ZDA126

2024

世界社会主义研究
中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院,社会科学文献出版社

世界社会主义研究

CSSCI
ISSN:2096-2630
年,卷(期):2024.9(6)