Energy return on investment(EROI)and carbon return on investment(CROI)are important indicators for evaluating energy and carbon efficiency.Summarize the theoretical development,evaluation methods and application fields of EROI and CROI,inducing their similarities and correlations,the direction of future research direction is proposed.By comparison,it is found that EROI and CROI are both efficiency indicators based on energy flow and carbon dioxide flow in the system respectively;EROI and CROI have a lot of similarities and correlations in terms of the meaning of numerical representations,the sensitivity of the evaluation results to the system boundary,and the existence of minimum thresholds.In the context of carbon neutrality and energy transition,EROI evaluation after coupling traditional energy and new energy projects,the measurement of EROI at molecular level and the mechanism behind the influence of EROI on economic development,CROI evaluation and minimum CROI of different types of carbon neutrality technologies,and the multi-dimensional evaluation of EROI,CROI,and net present value(NPV)of the projects,etc.,have become the key research directions in the future.
energy transitioncarbon neutralityenergy return on investmentcarbon return on investmentevaluation method
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