摘要
现代化公路交通所呈现的货车轴载增大、车流量大幅增加以及渠化行驶普遍等特点要求公路沥青路面应具备更好的高温抗车辙、低温抗开裂以及耐磨损等路用性能.为探索聚合物改性沥青的改进方向,通过分析聚合物改性沥青的研究现状,明确了聚合物与沥青相容性影响因素涉及沥青质分子的数量与大小、聚合物分子的数量和大小、软沥青质的芳香性等方面.改善聚合物与沥青相容性的方法包括反应性单体移植、对聚合物进行官能化、使用活性聚合物等技术.聚合物与沥青混合时需要一定程度的溶解度和溶胀性才能获得改善黏弹性的聚合物网络,且聚合物溶解度不宜过高.深入分析了弹性体、塑性体、橡胶等聚合物的改性效果,热塑性弹性体、塑性体、胶粉等聚合物的应用为改性沥青提供了帮助,但是常用的几种聚合物在应用过程中均表现出一定的局限性,热塑性弹性体改性沥青,尤其是SBS和SEBS,因其优异性能而具有应用潜力,但需进一步研究以解决相容性和稳定性问题.塑性体改性剂,如WPE,通过形成网状结构提高沥青刚度,但储存稳定性有待改善.橡胶改性沥青利用废旧轮胎,既环保又经济,但其在高温下的稳定性和环境影响需进一步研究.该领域未来研究方向,包括聚合物复配、微观机理分析和改性剂与沥青的相容性提升等方面.整体而言,聚合物改性沥青的研究和应用前景广阔,但仍需解决部分技术难题以实现更广泛的工程应用.
Abstract
The characteristics of modern highway traffic,such as the increase of truck axle load,the large increase of vehicle flow and the common channelization,require that highway asphalt pavement should have better road performance such as high temperature rutting resistance,low temperature cracking resistance and wear resistance.In order to explore the improvement direction of polymer-modified asphalt,by analyzing the research status of polymer-modified asphalt,it is clear that the influencing factors of compatibility between polymer and asphalt include the number and size of asphaltene molecules,the number and size of polymer molecules,and the aromatiness of soft asphaltene,etc.Methods to improve the compatibility of polymers with asphalt include reactive monomer transplantation,functionalization of polymers,use of active polymers,etc.When the polymer is mixed with asphalt,a certain degree of solubility and swelling can be obtained to improve the viscoelastic polymer network,and the polymer solubility should not be too high.In-depth analysis of the modification effect of elastomer,plastic body,rubber and other polymers,the application of thermoplastic elastomer,plastic body,rubber powder and other polymers for the modified asphalt to provide help,but several commonly used polymers in the application process have shown certain limitations,thermoplastic elastomer modified asphalt,especially SBS and SEBS,because of its excellent performance and have application potential.However,further studies are needed to solve the compatibility and stability problems.Plastic modifiers,such as WPE,improve asphalt stiffness by forming a network structure,but storage stability needs to be improved.Rubber modified asphalt using waste tires is both environmentally friendly and economical,but its stability and environmental impact at high temperatures need further study.Future research directions are also proposed,including polymer compounding,microscopic mechanism analysis and compatibility improvement of modifier and asphalt.On the whole,the research and application of polymer modified asphalt have broad prospects,but technical problems still need to be solved to achieve more extensive engineering applications.
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