The occurrence state of gold in ores is complex and diverse,ranging from native gold to associated gold,requiring precise determination through scientific analysis methods.Traditional fire assay,widely applied for its high accuracy,remains a core method,while colorimetric analysis is suited for trace gold measurement due to its high sensitivity.With advancements in technology,modern methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry and activated carbon iodine adsorption have become increasingly popular,providing more options for efficient gold ore analysis.This paper focuses on a series of gold analysis and assay methods,offering scientific insights for the development and utilization of natural resources in China.