摘要
纤维增强树脂复合材料具有轻量化、高性能的优点,在航空航天、风电等行业有着广泛的应用.在"以竹代塑"背景下,以竹纤维和竹材衍生物为原料制造绿色复合材料成为竹材加工利用的热点方向.本研究分别采用竹纤维和生物油酚醛树脂来替代玻璃纤维和石化原料酚醛树脂,制备出了竹纤维增强生物油酚醛树脂复合材料,重点研究了不同固化剂对树脂固化性能的影响,并基于正交试验对复合材料的手糊工艺参数进行了优化.结果表明:1)成功制备了可中低温固化的生物油酚醛树脂,树脂粘度300 mPa·s,固体含量45.15%,pH值 10.91;使用的复配固化剂优化质量配比为m(对甲苯磺酸)∶m(盐酸)∶m(磷酸)∶m(无水乙醇)=10∶1∶2∶4,适宜添加量为 5%,凝胶时间为 26 min,较好地满足手糊法制备复合材料的工艺要求.2)在纤维/树脂比例 40%、固化时间 5h、固化温度 70℃的工艺参数下,制备的复合材料弯曲强度达到105.57 MPa,拉伸强度为62.48 MPa,力学性能较优.所创制的新型竹纤维增强同源生物油改性酚醛树脂复合材料具有绿色低碳、轻质高强的特点,有望应用在竹质建筑、家居、板材、汽车/高铁内饰等建筑建材类和工业生产类代塑领域.
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced resin composites have the advantages of lightweight and high performance,which are widely used in the industries of aerospace and wind power.Under the background of the"Bamboo as a Substitute for Plastic"Initiative,green composites made of bamboo fiber and bamboo derivatives have become a hot topic of bamboo processing and utilization.In this study,bamboo fibers and bio-oil phenolic resin are used to replace glass fibers and phenolic resin,a petrochemical material,and bamboo fiber-reinforced composites are prepared with bio-oil phenolic resin,focusing on the effect of different curing agents on the curing properties of the resin.Then the parameters of the hand lay-up process of the composite are optimized based on orthogonal tests.The results show that:1)The bio-oil phenolic resin that could be cured at low or medium temperatures is successfully prepared,with a viscosity of 300 mPa·s,a solid content of 45.15%,and a pH value of 10.91.The optimized mass ratio of the compound curing agent,i.e.,m(p-toluene sulfonic acid):m(hydrochloric acid):m(phosphoric acid):m(anhydrous ethanol),is 10∶1∶2∶4,the appropriate additive amount is 5%,and the gelation time is 26 min,which can better meet the process requirements of composites prepared by the hand lay-up method;2)With a 40%fiber/resin ratio,a curing time of 5 h,and a curing temperature of 70℃,the composites prepared have the flexural strength of 105.57 MPa,a tensile strength of 62.48 MPa,presenting excellent mechanic properties.The composites creatively prepared are green,low-carbon,lightweight,and high-strength and they are expected to be applied in the building material sector and industrial production such as bamboo construction,household,panels,and automotive/high-speed railway interiors.
维普
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