Characteristics of Tongue Manifestation and Correlation Analysis of Tongue Coating Microbial Community in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Objective To explore the characteristics of the tongue manifestation and the correlation of the tongue coating microbial community in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(T2DMED).Methods A total of 45 T2DMED patients who visited the Andrology Outpatient Clinic of Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medi-cal Sciences,from April 18,2022,to June 28,2023,were selected and assigned to the case group,and 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients were selected to the control group.Tongue images,tongue coating microbiota,blood glucose,and sex hormone levels were collected.The tongue coating microbiota was detected using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput se-quencing technology,followed by Alpha diversity,β diversity,and intergroup difference analysis.Functional prediction was performed using the KEGG database.Results T2DMED patients exhibited a significantly higher incidence of dark red tongue,yellow coating,thick coating,greasy coating,enlarged tongue,fissured tongue,petechiae tongue,and ecchymosis tongue than the T2DM group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in overall species diversity and composition of tongue coating microbiota between the T2DMED and T2DM groups(P＞0.05).However,at the phylum and genus levels,statistically significant differences were observed(P＜0.05).Specifically,two differential species were identi-fied at the phylum level,namely Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria,and 18 differential species were identified at the genus level,primarily including Neisseria and Prevotella.In terms of tongue coating,the genus Arcanobacterium was significantly negatively correlated with greasy coating(P＜0.05),while the genus Treponema,family Lachnospiraceae NC2004,and genus Bactoscilla were significantly positively correlated with thick coating(P＜0.05).Additionally,there were statistically sig-nificant differences between the two groups in pathways related to lipid metabolism,cofactor,and vitamin metabolism(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dark red tongue,yellow coating,thick coating,greasy coating,enlarged tongue,fissured tongue,pete-chiae tongue,and ecchymosis tongue were characteristic tongue manifestations of T2DMED.There was no significant differ-ence in the overall species diversity and composition of the tongue coating microbiota between T2DMED and T2DM.How-ever,certain specific tongue coating microbiota could serve as biomarkers for T2DMED.The greasy coating,thick coating,and hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c)in T2DMED patients were related to certain tongue coating microbiota.
万方数据
维普
