Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Tumor-associated Macrophages Against Gastrointestinal Tumors
Gastrointestinal tumors are a significant cause of cancer-related mortality,with incidence rates increasing each year.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)are crucial components of the tumor immune microenvironment,playing a dual regulatory role in tumor progression.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely applied in the comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal tumors,demonstrating notable efficacy and advantages.Recent studies have shown that various active compounds from Chinese med-icine,such as vitexin,astragaloside Ⅳ,and triptolide,as well as Chinese medicine formulas like Shuyu Pills,Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang Powder,and Zhizhen Formula,can regulate macrophage polarization-related signaling pathways,upregulate the expression of induc-ible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-12(IL-12),downregulate IL-10,transfor-ming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),and arginase 1(Arg-1),induce M1/M2 macrophage polarization,enhance the phagocytic and cy-totoxic abilities of macrophages,inhibit tumor angiogenesis,suppress tumor cell proliferation and invasion,and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,thereby exerting anti-gastrointestinal tumor effects.By summarizing recent literature on TCM regulation of TAM in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors,this review explored the role of TAM in the disease process and the molecular mechanisms through which TCM targeted TAM to combat tumors,aiming to expand the application of TCM in the comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal tumors,enhancing the effectiveness of integrated Western medicine and TCM approaches,and promoting the modernization of TCM.
Tumor-associated macrophagesMacrophage polarizationTraditional Chinese medicineDigestive tract tumorsIm-munotherapyTumor microenvironmentTumor metastasisResearch progress
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