摘要
塑料产品具有成本低、密度小、耐用性强和性能可调等优点,与人们的衣食住行密不可分.但是,由于塑料的降解性能较差和缺乏完备的回收机制,一系列的生态问题也随之而来.伴随着能源危机的加剧和材料经济效率的低下,探寻废弃塑料的回收再利用途径是实现可持续发展的必要条件.传统的物理回收方法存在着适用条件有限和聚合物性能降低等问题,而化学回收在理论上可对塑料进行分子层面的拆解与重组,形成单体或其他高附加值的产物.本文立足于塑料回收的化学方法,对化学回收的行业现状和研究进展进行总结梳理,分析了对应的回收机理和制约回收的因素,为开发塑料的化学回收再利用技术提供一定的参考.通过开发新型的催化工艺和设计高效的反应体系,化学回收或可成为推动循环塑料经济发展的关键.
Abstract
Benefiting from low-cost,low density,strong durability,and adjustable performance,plastic products were closely related to people's clothing,food,housing,and transportation.However,due to the poor degradation performance of plastics and the lack of a complete recycling mechanism,a series of ecological problems had also emerged.With the aggravation of the energy crisis and the low economic efficiency of materials,it was necessary to explore ways to recycle waste plastics to achieve sustainable development.Traditional physical recycling methods had problems,such as,limited applicability and reduced polymer performance,while chemical recycling could theoretically decompose and reassemble plastics at the molecular level to form monomers or other high value-added products.This article was based on the chemical methods of plastic recycling,the current industry status and research progress of chemical recycling were summarized,the corresponding recycling mechanisms and constraints on recycling were analyzed,thus a certain reference could be provided for the development of chemical recycling and reusing technologies for plastics.Through the development of novel catalytic processes and the design of efficient reaction systems,chemical recycling might be the key to driving the circular plastics economy.
维普
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