Effects and Mechanisms of Ti3C2Tx and TiO2(R)on the Flame Retardancy of LDPE Composites
The effects of titanium carbide(Ti3C2Tx)and commercial anatase titanium dioxide[TiO2(R)]as flame retardant additives on the flame retardancy of linear low density polyethylene(LDPE)were investigated.The results show that the addition of Ti3C2Tx reduces the peak heat release rate(PHRR)of LDPE by 29.8%and reduces the smoke release rate(SPR)by 34.2%.Although TiO2(R)improves the thermal stability,but its reduction effects are less significant than those of Ti3C2Tx.Limiting oxygen index(LOI)test results show that the LOI of LDPE added with Ti3C2Tx is increased by5%to18.7%,while the LOI of LDPE added with an8%mass fraction TiO2(R)is up to19.7%.Cone calorimetry further confirms the superiority of Ti3C2Tx in flame retardancy,and its addition reduces the total heat release(THR)of LDPE by 7.5%.In contrast,although TiO2(R)improves the thermal stability of LDPE,its effects on reducing the heat release rate and smoke release rate are less significant than those of Ti3C2Tx.The results of thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(TG-FTIR)show that neither Ti3C2Tx nor TiO2(R)changes the thermal decomposition paths of LDPE,but in the condensed phase,Ti3C2Tx hinders the combustion process more effectively by forming a carbon residue layer.The scanning electron microscope(SEM)and elemental analysis(EDS)show that Ti3C2Tx partially maintains its lamellar structures after combustion,indicating its dual roles in catalytic carbonization and physical barrier.This study highlights the potential of Ti3C2Tx as a new flame retardant to improve the flame retardancy of LDPE,and provides scientific bases for the developments of new high-efficiency flame retardant polymer materials.
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