Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is defined as functional alterations or other pathological changes in the brain caused by external forces,which is a significant public health issue world-wide.Currently,a large number of studies have proved that exercise,as a nonpharmacological treatment,can effectively improve TBI.Exercise both before and after injury can benefit TBI re-covery through specific mechanisms.This article summarizes the effects of exercise before and af-ter injury on TBI and their potential regulatory mechanisms,aiming to provide an in-depth un-derstanding of the mechanisms through which exercise improves TBI,thereby offering a theoreti-cal basis for the clinical application of exercise in the prevention and treatment of TBI.
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