IL-15 is a key molecule in immune regulation and is secreted by myeloid cells.IL-15 plays an important role in the homeostasis and function of T cells,natural killer(NK)cells,and memory CD8+T cells.Due to its characteristics of wide expression and strict secretion,IL-15 holds significant therapeutic potential in various immune-related diseases.After IL-15 specifically binds to IL-15 receptor,it activates a variety of signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT,Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT,inducing cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,thus exer-ting biological effects such as anti-tumor and anti-infection effects.This article reviews the role and associated mechanisms of IL-15 in diseases such as tumors,autoimmune diseases,cardiovas-cular diseases,and neuropsychiatric diseases,and summarizes the small molecule agonists and antagonists with IL-15 as potential therapeutic targets,aiming to provide a scientific basis for fur-ther investigation of the pathogenesis and drug research of IL-15 in immune system diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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