摘要
妊娠是一个复杂的生理过程,近年来研究发现,外泌体(exosomes)可通过介导母胎之间的信息传递在生理和病理性妊娠中发挥重要调控作用.外泌体具有调控胚胎植入、血管生成、内皮细胞迁移及抵抗病毒感染等生物学功能,还可通过调控一些免疫细胞如自然杀伤细胞、T细胞、单核细胞来介导母胎之间的免疫耐受,参与先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病、早产、胎儿生长受限等妊娠并发症的发生发展的调节.本文阐述了外泌体对生理和病理性妊娠的调控,将为今后这些妊娠并发症的诊断和治疗提供依据和参考.
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex physiological process.In recent years,it has been discovered that exosomes play a crucial regulatory role in both physiological and pathological pregnancies by facilitating communication between the mother and fetus.Exosomes regulate various biological functions,such as embryo implantation,angiogenesis,endothelial cell migration,and resistance to viral infections.Additionally,they mediate maternal-fetal immune tolerance by modulating immune cells such as natural killer(NK)cells,T cells,and monocytes.Furthermore,exosomes are involved in the regulation of multiple pregnancy complications,including preeclampsia,gesta-tional diabetes mellitus,preterm delivery,and fetal growth restriction.This article elaborates on the regulatory role of exosomes in physiological and pathological pregnancies,offering valuable in-sights for the future diagnosis and treatment of these pregnancy complications.
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