Hypoxic cell damage is implicated in the etiology of various diseases,posing a signifi-cant threat to human health.Therefore,a comprehensive exploration of the underlying mecha-nisms of hypoxic cell damage is of crucial importance.Recent research has elucidated a compel-ling correlation between hypoxic cell damage and key cellular processes,including apoptosis,au-tophagy,pyroptosis,ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and parthanatos.The aim of this article is to in-tegrate current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying hypoxic cell injury.It seeks to clarify the critical determinants and regulatory pathways involved in these processes,and to offer inno-vative perspectives on preventive and therapeutic approaches for hypoxia-induced diseases.
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