T Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Cell Therapy:Mechanisms and Potential Solutions
Tumor immunotherapy has achieved impressive therapeutic effects in clinical practice and has attracted increasing attention.Among them,chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of hematological malignancies.Howev-er,with prolonged exposure to tumor antigens,CAR-T cells may become exhausted in vivo.The exhaustion of CAR-T cells can lead to poor treatment efficacy or tumor recurrence.The mecha-nism of CAR-T cell exhaustion involves a series of processes,such as the expression of exhaus-tion-associated transcription factors,the role of the immunosuppressive tumor microenviron-ment,and the influence of CAR structure itself.Here,we summarize the process and underlying mechanisms of CAR-T cell exhaustion,as well as potential solutions to improve T cell exhaustion and enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy,with the aim of expanding the application of CAR-T cell therapy in tumor treatment.
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