经济发展与环境保护能否实现双赢是高质量发展阶段亟待解决的问题,因此从效率评价的角度对我国多维目标的实现效果进行综合评价具有重要的现实意义.本文创新性地将污染的空间溢出效应引入至效率评价模型中,构建了 一个改进的SBM(Improved Slack Based Model,ISBM),对中国省级绿色生产效率和绿色全要素生产率进行了全新测度,随后利用Tobit模型对绿色生产效率的影响因素进行实证分析,主要得出以下几点结论:首先,中国的绿色生产效率在样本期内呈波动上升趋势,但均未达到有效水平,其中东部地区最高,西部次之,中部最低;其次,绿色全要素生产率在考察期内呈微弱下降趋势,其中技术进步减缓是阻碍其提高的核心因素;再次,绿色生产效率的影响因素存在明显的区域异质性,综合而言,加强环保规制力度和提高城镇化率是提升全国绿色生产效率的有效手段,而东部地区需警惕二产回流,西部地区则应摒弃"唯GDP论的逐底竞赛";最后,绿色生产效率最低的省份是处于新城市集群地理中枢位置的人口大省,而非是经验认知中的高度工业化省份,产生这一结果的根源在于这些省份承载了大量来自其他省份的污染转移,这一结果再一次证明非期望投入是效率评价体系中不可忽视的重要部分.
Measurement and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Green Production Efficiency in China:Based on the Undesired Input ISBM
Whether economic development and environmental protection can achieve a win-win situation is an urgent problem to be solved in the high-quality development stage.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to comprehensively evaluate the realization effect of multi-dimensional goals in my country from the perspective of efficiency evaluation.In this study,an improved SBM considering unexpected input factors is constructed to measure green production efficiency and green total factor productivity at provincial level in China.Then,Tobit model is used to conduct empirical research on factors affecting green production efficiency,and the main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the sample period,China's green production efficiency showed an upward trend of fluctuation,but it did not reach the effective level,with the highest rank in the eastern region,followed by the western region and the lowest in the central region.(2)Green total factor productivity showed a slight downward trend during the investigation period,where the slowing down of technological progress was observed as the core factor hindering its improvement.(3)The influencing factors of green production efficiency are different among the whole country and in the eastern,central and western regions.At the national level,strengthening environmen-tal regulation and improving urbanization rate are effective means to improve green production efficiency,while the eastern region needs to guard against the return of secondary production,and the western re-gion should abandon the"GDP-oriented race to the bottom".(4)The provinces with the lowest green production efficiency in China are the populous regions at the geographical center of new urban clusters,rather than the highly industrialized provinces empirically perceived.This result may be rooted in the fact that these provinces carry a large amount of pollution transfer from others.This study implies that the unexpected input should be an important factor that cannot be ignored in the evaluation of green productivity.
green production efficiencyspatial spillover effectunexpected inputISBM
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
