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干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤积盐规律分析

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为分析干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发条件下土壤中盐分积累规律，利用室外土柱模拟试验开展了不同TDS（Total Dissolved Solids）（30和100 g/L）、不同包气带质地（细砂和粉质黏土）和不同潜水埋深（0.5、1.0和3.0 m）的高盐度潜水蒸发条件下分层土壤盐分的监测工作。通过对各个土柱不同深度7次取样得到的土壤平均含盐量数据分析表明：高盐度潜水蒸发条件下，潜水埋深越浅，土壤剖面上相同深度范围内的含盐量就越大；在其他条件一定时，包气带质地为粉质黏土的土壤剖面含盐量大于包气带质地为细砂的土壤剖面含盐量；由于黏性土的膜效应和土壤中积盐对土壤孔隙的填充作用，导致粉质黏土土柱上层的土壤含盐量表现为潜水TDS为30 g/L的大于潜水TDS为100 g/L的，在土柱下层的土壤含盐量表现为潜水TDS为30 g/L的小于潜水TDS为100 g/L的；由于TDS升高对毛细水的重力和土体结构的改变，随着潜水TDS的升高，粉质黏土土壤剖面上出现局部积盐深度下移的趋势。
Analysis on law of soil salt accumulation under condition of high salinity phreatic water evaporation in arid areas
Column experiments were carried out to investigate effects of total dissolved solids (TDS)(30g/L and 100g/L), vadose zone lithology (fine sand and silt clay) and depth of groundwater table (0.5m, 1.0m and 3.0m) on distribution of soil salt accumulation under condition of high salinity phreatic water evapora?tion in arid areas. Samples were taken seven times from different depths of column for soil salt analysis. The results indicate that under condition of high salinity phreatic water evaporation, the less depth the groundwater table is, the larger soil salinity at the same depth will be. Salinity in soil profile with vadose zone lithology of silt clay is higher than that of fine sand when other conditions are fixed. In addition, soil salinity of phreatic water with TDS of 30 g/L is higher than that with TDS of 100 g/L in the upper layer of silt clay column due to the membrane effect of tenacious soil and filling effect of crystal salt in soil pore, and lower in the lower part of the column. Depth of salt accumulation in silt clay profile tends to shift down with the increase of phreatic water TDS due to the change of capillary water gravity and soil structure as a result of higher TDS.

arid areahigh salinity phreatic waterphreatic water evaporationsoil salt accumulation

贾瑞亮、周金龙、周殷竹、高业新、李阳、王新中

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新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052

中国地质科学院 水文地质环境地质研究所，河北 石家庄 050061

中国地质大学 水资源与环境学院，北京 100083

新疆昌吉州地质环境监测站，新疆 昌吉 831100

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干旱区 高盐度潜水 潜水蒸发 土壤积盐

国家自然科学基金-新疆联合基金重点支持项目国家自然科学基金新疆自治区地方公派出国留学成组配套项目新疆自治区水文学及水资源重点学科基金

U140328251069016XJDF201307xjswszyzdxk20101202

2016

10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150224

水利学报
中国水利学会

水利学报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心EI
影响因子：1.778
ISSN：0559-9350
年,卷(期)：2016.47(2)
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