A detailed energy budget model for the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China
The wintertime heat exchange is crucial for the safety management of the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project(CRSNWD).Given the complexity of interactions in heat exchange processes of watercourses and limited water energy budget models,this paper proposes a detailed energy budget model for CRSNWD based on various meteorological parameters.The model takes into account factors such as solar radia-tion,cloud cover,water albedo,long wave radiation,evaporative heat transfer,conductive heat transfer at the water surface,and heat loss due to precipitation in the canal.The long wave radiation is the net balance of ab-sorbed atmospheric long wave radiation and emitted ones by the water surface.Utilizing five winters'gauging data of water temperature,air temperature,relative humidity,air pressure,wind speed,and solar radiation collected after the completion of CRSNWD,the model has been applied to analyze the total heat flux and its four components at Beijumahe,Caohe duct,and Hutuohe siphon.The simulations and observed results indicate that during winter,the water in channels loses heat due to lower air temperature compared to the water.Furthermore,the solar radiation plays the most significant role in the net heat flux,followed by long wave radiation,evapora-tive heat transfer,and conductive heat transfer.Their contributions to the total energy budget are 43.1％,30.9％,17.2％,8.8％,respectively.The proposed model quantifies the heat exchange processes during winter water transfer in CRSNWD,serving as a useful tool for high-resolution simulations of water temperature,ice processes,and future improvements to water diversion.
energy budgetdetailed meteorological parametersSouth-to-North Water Diversionwintertimenumerical model
万方数据
维普
