Characteristics of bacteriocins and their application in ruminants
Bacteriocins are ribosomally-synthesized small peptides produced by bacteria,which show good antimicrobial activities against many Gram-positive pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria,and are widely distributed in the rumens of ruminants.Based on the structure,bacteriocins are divided into post-translationally modified bacteriocins and non post-tranlationally modified bacteriocins.They usually have amphiphilic structures and are positively charged.Bacteriocins form holes in the target cell membrane,which lead to the outflow of contents and inhibit the synthesis of the target cell wall,protein or DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid).Bacteriocins can stimulate rumen development,participate in rumen fermentation and microbial system regulation,reduce the production of methane and ammonia,and are used for prevention or treatment of cow mastitis.The article reviews the classification,biological synthesis,mode of action of bacteriocins and their application in ruminants,to provide references for better development of bacteriocin products.
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