Effects of grape pomace on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,and economic benefits of Simmental beef cattle
The study aimed to explore the effects of different levels of grape pomace on the growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility,and economic benefits of beef cattle.Forty-eight Simmental beef cattle with similar body weight and good body condition were randomly divided into four groups,with 12 replicates in each group and one beef cattle in each replicate.The cattle in each group were fed a diet containing 0(control group),5％,10％,and 15％grape pomace,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for one week,followed by a formal experimental period of 90 days.The results showed that the 5％to 15％grape pomace did not affect the average daily weight gain,average daily feed intake,and feed to weight ratio of beef cattle(P＞0.05).Compared to the control group,feeding with 10％grape pomace increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,feeding with 10％wine lees increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum(P＜0.05),while 10％and 15％grape pomace decreased cholesterol levels(P＜0.05).5％,10％,and 15％grape pomace lowered triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(P＜0.05),and 10％grape pomace increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels(P＜0.05).10％and 15％grape pomace elevated total protein levels(P＜0.05),and 5％and 10％grape pomace increased globulin levels(P＜0.05).The feed costs of beef cattle fed with 5％,10％,and 15％grape pomace were reduced by 2.18％,3.89％,and 5.60％,and the profits increased by 7.37％,11.25％,and 9.50％,respectively,compared to the control group.The study suggests that Simmental beef cattle feed with an appropriate amount of grape pomace has no impact on the growth performance,but can improve the apparent digestibility of certain nutrients,regulate the blood lipids,enhance the immunity,and increase the breeding profits.The optimal addition level of grape pomace is determined to be 10％.
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