Effect of embryo egg injection of lactic acid bacteria on hatching performance and intestinal mucosal structure of chicks
The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of injecting lactic acid bacteria into the embryo on the hatching performance and intestinal mucosa structure of chicks.A total of 150 SPF eggs were incubated until 18 days of embryonic age and then randomly divided into two groups,with each group having three replicates,each consisting of 25 eggs.The control group was injected with 0.2 mL of sterilized saline into the amniotic cavity,while the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group was injected with 0.2 mL containing 1.21×108 CFU/mL of live Lactobacillus salivarius XP132.The experiment spanned from incubation to hatching at 21 days,with a rearing period of 35 days.The results indicated that the injection of lactic acid bacteria into the fertilized eggs significantly increased the body weight of the chick(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group showed a significant increase in the thymus index at 7 and 28 days of age,the spleen and bursa of Fabricius indices at 14 days of age,and the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indices at 21 days of age(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the villus height(VH)of the duodenum in the embryonic egg lactic acid bacteria injection group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the villus to crypt ratio(V/C)was extremely increased(P＜0.01).The crypt depth(CD)of the duodenum at 7 days of age was extremely reduced(P＜0.01),and the CD of the duodenum at 21 and 35 days of age was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).At 7 and 21 days of age,the VH and V/C of the jejunum were significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the CD was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).At 21 days of age,the VH of the ileum was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the V/C was extremely increased(P＜0.01).At 35 days of age,the VH of the ileum was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Due to the absence of antibiotic use during the rearing process,some chicks in the control group experienced mild bacterial infections.Electron microscopy observation revealed certain damages to the microvilli and mitochondrial structures of the duodenal epithelial cells.However,the application of lactic acid bacteria prevented bacterial infections in the chicks at 7,21,and 35 days of age,and improved the damage to the epithelial cell microvilli,mitochondrial structures,and tight junction proteins.The study shows that the injection of lactic acid bacteria into fertilized eggs can increase the body weight of SPF chicks and has a certain improving effect on their intestinal mucosal structure.
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