目的 了解云南省边境民族地区中小学生的心理健康状况及其影响因素,为该地中小学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2023年8月至12月选取云南省边境8个市(州)的2 728名4～9年级学生作为研究对象,使用中学生心理健康量表(Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school Students,MMHI-60)和儿童多维焦虑量表中文版(Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children,MASC-C)对其心理健康状况进行调查.结果 云南边境民族地区中小学生MMHI-60总均分阳性检出率为38.27％,其中轻度问题者为30.72％,中度者为6.74％,较重者为0.51％,严重者为0.29％;MASC-C阳性检出率为33.47％,轻度焦虑者占15.14％,中度焦虑者占8.72％,严重焦虑者占9.60％.分层分析表明,不同性别、民族、年级、户口类型、年龄、是否是独生子女和父母学历在学生心理问题检出率上的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越大,有心理问题的比例越高,性别、傣族、哈尼族、傈僳族、六年级、母亲学历大学及以上均对4～9年级的学生心理健康有影响.结论 云南边境民族地区中小学生心理健康水平处于中等水平,与其性别、年龄、年级、民族、户口类型、是否是独生子女、留守儿童、父母学历密切相关,亟待构建网格化心理健康服务管理体系,建立心理健康档案,重点关注离异家庭、留守儿童和边境农村贫苦地区学生的心理健康状况.
Research on the factors influencing the mental health of primary and secondary school students in border ethnic areas
Objective To understand the mental health status and its influencing factors of primary and secondary school students in the border ethnic areas of Yunnan Province,and to provide a basis for the mental health education of primary and secondary school students in this area.Methods Using stratified whole-cluster random sampling method,2 728 students in grades 4 to 9 from eight cities(states)along the border of Yunnan Province were selected from August to December 2023,and their mental health status was investigated using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle-school Students(MMHI-60)and the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children(MASC-C).Results The total mean positive detection rate of MMHI-60 for primary and secondary school students in the border ethnic areas of Yunnan was 38.27％,of which 30.72％ were mildly problematic,6.74％were moderately problematic,0.51％were more severely problematic,and 0.29％were severely problematic;and the positive detection rate of MASC-C was 33.47％,including 15.14％of those with mild anxiety,8.72％of those with moderate anxiety,and 9.60％of those with severe anxiety.Stratified analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rates of students'psychological problems by gender,ethnicity,grade,type of household registration,age,whether they were the only child,and parental education(P＜0.05).The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age,the higher the percentage of having psychological problems,and gender,Dai,Hani,Lisu,sixth grade,and mother with bachelor's degree and above had effects on the psychological health of students in grades 4 to 9.Conclusion The mental health level of primary and secondary school students in border ethnic areas of Yunnan is in the middle range,which is closely related to the gender,age,grade,ethnicity,type of household registration,whether they are the only child,left-behind children,and parents'education,so it is urgent to build a grid-based mental health service management system,establish mental health files,and focus on the mental health status of students from divorced families,left-behind children,and students in poor border rural areas.
Mental healthBorder ethnic areasPrimary and secondary school studentsAnxietyInfluencing factors
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