Ubiquitination is one of the most common and important post-translational modifications in eukaryotes,controlling most cellular processes,such as gene transcriptional expression,cell growth and death,molecular transport,metabolism,development and immune response.In recent years,the pathways and mechanisms of the classical ubiquitin system have become increasingly clear,while non-classical ubiquitination has also been gradually discovered.Here,we will briefly review the classic ubiquitin system,and describe the latest non-classical ubiquitination,including non-protein substrate ubiquitination,non-lysine site ubiquitination and non-classical E3 ubiquitin ligases.