Glycosylation of exosomal proteins in disease diagnosis and treatment
Exosomes are composed of lipid bilayers containing a variety of biomolecules,such as proteins,nucleic acids and glycans,which have a role in regulating life activities,and their protein fractions may also reflect the secretory cell state.Glycosylation is a common form of post-translational modification of proteins,and glycosylated proteins have important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis,intercellular interactions and other physiological functions.In recent years,there are studies on exosomes mostly focusing on the functions of exosomal nucleic acid components such as miRNA,mRNA,and lncRNA.It has been found that exosomal membrane proteins are also rich in glycosyl chains and have important pathophysiological significance.This paper focuses on the structure,research methods of exosomal glycosylation,and its molecular functions in diseases such as tumors,and its clinical applications in disease diagnosis and treatment.The study of exosomal glycosylation will continue to progress with the innovation of technology and is expected to become an important tool for clinical diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.