Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death among Chinese residents,and hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in China.The immune system is involved in maintaining various physiological activities and is closely related to vascular homeostasis and cardiovascular disease.The immune microenvironment composed of immune cells and cytokines produced by local tissues regulates the function of blood vessels,heart,kidney and central system,and participates in the occurrence and development of hypertension.To date,numerous studies have shown that targeting immune cells or cytokines in the immune microenvironment can reduce blood pressure and have potential therapeutic effects on hypertension,thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.This paper will review these studies and summarize how the immune microenvironment is involved in the development of hypertension and provide new clinical ideas and new treatment strategies for the treatment of hypertension.