Tumor dormancy presents a significant challenge in both tumor research and treatment,as late recurrence frequently occurs following treatment.Despite extensive research on the topic,the underlying causes,specific locations,and effective methods for inducing tumor dormancy remain unresolved.In this review,we present an overview of the research history of tumor dormancy,including the two theories proposed by researchers,namely the tumor cell and tumor mass dormancy theories.Additionally,current research methods and models of tumor dormancy are briefly discussed.Subsequently,we introduced the current treatment plans for tumor dormancy here,analyzed the relationship between tumor dormancy and extracellular matrix,and pointed out the feasibility of targeting extracellular matrix content to treat tumor dormancy,in order to provide new ideas for the research and treatment of tumor dormancy.