Roles of H2AX phosphorylation in DNA damage and repair and its study in reproduction-related cells
H2AX is one of the common variants of the histone H2A family,and its phosphorylation refers to the process of phosphorylation modification of histone H2AX in mammalian cells at its C-terminal Serine 139 to form histone H2AX phosphorylation(γH2AX).Currently,γH2AX can be detected by immunofluorescence,flow cytometry and immunoblotting.It is a marker of DNA damage,especially DNA double-strand breaks(DSB)and DNA repair,and has been applied to medically related fields,such as the detection of radiation-induced DNA damage,auxiliary diagnosis of cancer and prognostic monitoring.In addition,γH2AX plays a crucial role in detecting DNA damage and repair of germ cells and maintaining the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells,and the detection of γH2AX has become a tool method for evaluating the quality of germ cells and stem cells.In this paper,we will summarize and discuss the progress of γH2AX research in several aspects from the perspectives of biological characteristics of H2AX and its family,methods for detecting γH2AX,H2AX phosphorylation in DNA damage and repair,and its application in germ-related cells.
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