Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30～100 nm that are secreted by various types of cells.They are present in almost all body fluids,such as blood,cerebrospinal fluid,urine,bile,breast milk and others.Exosomes can carry various cargoes to mediate cell-to-cell communication and reflect the state of donor cells.Exosomes play a crucial role in tumor progression by promoting the invasion and metastasis of tumors through facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of cancer cells,establishing pre-metastatic niche(PMN)and forming an inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which exosomes regulate tumor invasion and metastasis,encompassing their function in intercellular signaling,as well as their regulation of tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.Additionally,this review explores the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment and their relationship with immune evasion,hoping to provide new insights on the regulatory function of exosomes in tumors and offer promising targets and strategies for cancer therapy.
关键词
外泌体/肿瘤侵袭转移/上皮-间质转化/转移前微环境/免疫抑制
Key words
exosomes/tumor invasion and metastasis/epithelial-mesenchymal transition/pre-metastatic niche/immunosuppression
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