Natural killer cell associated immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer
Natural killer cells(NK cells)are a subgroup of innate lymphocytes with a variety of cytotoxic mechanisms,which can regulate immune responses by producing cytokines to kill virus-infected normal cells or tumor cells.However,in the tumor microenvironment,the low infiltration and the changed phenotype of NK cells leads to reduced activity to kill tumor cells.So NK cells are hotspots in immunotherapy,and immune checkpoints studies have shown that the depletion of NK cells in tumors can be reversed.Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world.Compared with traditional surgery,chemoradiotherapy,immunotherapy has made great breakthroughs in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 are effective in colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite instability(MSI),but have no remarkable efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.In this paper,the functional impairment of NK cells in the microenvironment of colorectal cancer and its influencing factors were summarized,and the research progress of new immune checkpoints was highlighted,hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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