Research progress of triterpenoids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease(AD),a degenerative disease of the nervous system,is characterized by plaque formation from β-amyloid deposition,neurofibrillary tangles caused by the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein and neuronal loss.However,there is currently no effective drug for treating AD.Plant triterpenoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,which may inhibit the pathological changes in AD and have particular medicinal potential and application prospects.Previous studies have focused on single types of triterpenoids in AD prevention and treatment,such as Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids(GLTs)and ginsenoside Rg1.In this paper,we review the role and molecular mechanism of different triterpenoids in improving the pathological changes of AD by regulating neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,autophagy,mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress,which provides a theoretical basis for the further development and application of triterpenoids in clinical treatment of AD.