Advances in the research of chemical synthetic biology
Chemical synthetic biology,as a product of the intersection of chemistry and synthetic biology,holds significant importance in the engineered expansion of genetic codes and novel biochemical pathways.Chemical synthetic biology has rapidly advanced in recent years,emerging as a frontier and hotspot in the fields of chemistry and synthetic biology.By creating or modifying biological systems that do not exist in nature,synthesizing non-natural nucleic acids,amino acids,and proteins,it aims to understand the essence of life,innovate biotechnologies,establish connections between non-living and living matter,and provide innovative solutions for various fields such as medicine,materials,manufacturing,and environment.Researchers have made a series of advancements in the development of non-natural nucleotides,non-natural amino acids,and orthogonal genetic systems.Through theoretical calculations and experimental verification,they have successfully designed a series of non-natural bases and mirror nucleic acids with hydrogen bonding properties,deepening the understanding of the relationship between biological and non-biological entities.By interfering with the peptide elongation step using non-natural nucleotides and orthogonal tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases,researchers have extended the insertion of non-natural amino acids from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and multicellular organisms,thereby increasing the chemical diversity of biomolecules.Through the development of non-natural nucleotide polymerases and ligases,as well as the modification of orthogonal translation systems'aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and tRNAs,novel orthogonal genetic systems have been constructed,enabling efficient replication,transcription,and translation.In terms of technology development,the design and synthesis of non-natural components,the design of orthogonal genetic systems,the development and application of cell-free systems,and the utilization of artificial intelligence in design and testing processes empower the advancement of chemical synthetic biology applications.These advancements in basic research and technological innovation provide innovative solutions for various fields,facilitating new developments in application areas.
artificial basesnon-natural amino acidssynthetic life
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