Progress in copper homeostasis,cuproptosis,and copper-related antitumor drugs
Copper is an essential trace metal element for human body.As a cofactor for numerous proteins and enzymes in the organism,copper is involved in a variety of physiological activities.Copper also plays an important role in the regulation of tumor homeostasis and progression.Copper overload and copper deficiency can lead to many diseases,such as Menke's disease and Wilson's disease.Thus,copper is regulated by a network of copper-related proteins,including copper enzymes,copper chaperonins,and membrane transport proteins.These proteins maintain copper homeostasis by regulating copper intake,export and intracellular utilization.Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death induced by excessive copper ions in the mitochondria.It is characterized by the accumulation of mitochondrial lipoacylated proteins and the loss of iron-sulfur cluster proteins.The discovery of cuproptosis provides a new method for the treatment of diseases,including tumours.Targeting copper is one of the current hotspots in tumor research,including the use of copper ionophores to increase intracellular copper content to induce oxidative stress and cuproptosis,and the use of copper ion chelators to reduce the bioavailability of copper.In this paper,we conducted a systematic review on copper homeostasis,cuproptosis and copper-related antitumor drugs,in order to provide reference for the study of cancer treatment by targeting cuproptosis.
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