Recent advances of N-α-acetyltransferases in regulating plant growth and development and stress response
N-terminal acetylation(NTA)is an ancient protein modification conserved throughout all kingdoms of life.N-terminally acetylated proteins are present in the cytosol(80％),and the plasma membrane and plastids of plants(20％).The studies have shown this modification can alter key characteristics of proteins such as their three-dimensional structure,and affect a variety of physiological and biochemical processes such as protein interaction,subcellular localization,protein folding and polymerization,sorting and stability,etc.The majority of proteins are acetylated by five ribosome-bound N-terminal acetyltransferases(Nats)in yeast,humans and plants,and NTA has been known as an exclusively co-translational process in eukaryotes.The recent characterization of post-translationally acting plant Nats,which localize to the plasma membrane and the plastids,has challenged this view.These distinctive features of the plant Nats machinery might constitute adaptations to the environment of plants.But its significance is still enigmatic,and little is known about the biological functions of Nats in plants,especially.This review sheds light on the unique role of plant Nats in the development and stress responses as well as their adaptation to function in different cellular compartments,and the prospect of future research work is put forward.
N-α-acetyltransferasesgrowth and developmentstress responseprotein modificationplants
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