Research Progress of Estrogen in Regulating Gender Differences in Disease
There are many differences between men and women in terms of chromosome composition,body structure,metabolic processes,and hormone types and levels,which make different genders show different physiological responses to diseases and produce very distinct pathological outcomes.More and more studies have confirmed that estradiol,the most important estrogen secreted by the ovary,not only participates in the maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics,but also plays an important role in the gender differences of various diseases.This article systematically discussed the mechanism of estradiol and its receptors as well as the effects of estradiol on immune diseases and trained immunity,and also reviewed the latest research progress of estradiol in other important diseases such as tumors.The study of estradiol can help us better un-derstand the causes of gender differences in immune diseases,and provide new ideas and targets for disease prevention and treatment.It is also of great significance for in-depth understanding of human pathophysiology and improvement of clinical disease treatment.
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