哺乳动物卵巢中卵母细胞的生长伴随着卵泡发育，其中两个卵原因子，分别是生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9，GDF9)和骨形态生成蛋白 15(bone morphogenetic protein 15，BMP15)，在关乎卵巢功能及生育能力的卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间发挥了双向交互作用。而体外卵母细胞和颗粒细胞培养体系的完善，可以更好的研究二者之间的作用及影响。通过体外培养研究卵母细胞生长中颗粒细胞的作用、卵泡发育过程中卵母细胞的作用，发现颗粒细胞给卵母细胞提供营养成分和代谢产物，并通过旁分泌调节卵母细胞生长;而卵母细胞调节颗粒细胞增殖和分化，并通过分泌GDF9和BMP15诱导卵泡腔的形成，GDF9和BMP15的合成又受到颗粒细胞的调控。
Interaction between growing oocytes and granulosa cells
Oocyte growth is accompanied with follicular development in mammalian ovaries.Two oocyte-derived factors,growth differentiation factor 9(GDF9),and bone morphogenetic protein 15(BMP15),play the role of bidirectional communication between oocytes and granulosa cells for ovarian function and fertility has been accumulated.Promoting studies on the communication between oocytes and granulosa cells as the growth culture system in vitro of oocytes has been improved.Granulosa cells supply nutrients and metabolites through gap junctions to oocytes and secrete paracrine signals to regulate oocytes.Oocytes regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation and induce antrum formation via GDF9 and BMP15,whose synthesis is probably regulated by granulosa cells.
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