Psychosocial alterations during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global burden of anxiety and major depressive disorders in adolescents,1990-2021:challenges in mental health amid socioeconomic disparities

Soeun Kim ¹Jiyoung Hwang ²Jun Hyuk Lee ³Jaeyu Park ⁴Hyeon Jin Kim ⁴Yejun Son ¹Hans Oh ⁵Lee Smith ⁶Jiseung Kang ⁷Guillaume Fond ⁸Laurent Boyer ⁸Masoud Rahmati ⁹Mark A.Tully ¹⁰Damiano Pizzol ¹¹Raphael Udeh ¹²Jinseok Lee ¹³Hayeon Lee ¹⁴Sooji Lee ¹⁵Dong Keon Yon¹⁶

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作者信息

1. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Precision Medicine,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea
2. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea
3. Health and Human Science,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA
4. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Regulatory Science,Kyung Hee University,Seoul,South Korea
5. Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA
6. Centre for Health,Performance and Wellbeing,Anglia Ruskin University,Cambridge,UK
7. Division of Sleep Medicine,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA;Department of Anesthesia,Critical Care and Pain Medicine,Massachusetts General Hospital,Boston,MA,USA
8. Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille,Aix Marseille University,Marseille,France
9. Research Centre on Health Services and Quality of Life,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille,Aix Marseille University,Marseille,France;Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences,Lorestan University,Khoramabad,Iran;Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,Faculty of Literature and Humanities,Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan,Rafsanjan,Iran
10. School of Medicine,Ulster University,Londonderry,Northern Ireland,UK
11. Health Unit Eni,Maputo,Mozambique;Health Unit,Eni,San Donato Milanese,Italy
12. School of Life Sciences,Faculty of Science,University of Technology Sydney,Ultimo,Australia
13. Department of Biomedical Engineering,Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information,Yongin,South Korea
14. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Biomedical Engineering,Kyung Hee University College of Electronics and Information,Yongin,South Korea
15. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Medicine,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,23 Kyungheedae-ro,Dongdaemun-gu,Seoul 02447,South Korea
16. Center for Digital Health,Medical Science Research Institute,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Precision Medicine,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Regulatory Science,Kyung Hee University,Seoul,South Korea;Department of Medicine,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,23 Kyungheedae-ro,Dongdaemun-gu,Seoul 02447,South Korea;Department of Pediatrics,Kyung Hee University College of Medicine,23 Kyungheedae-ro,Dongdaemun-gu,Seoul 0244
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Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,a global health crisis,profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life.Adolescence,a pivotal stage of psychological and social development,is heavily influenced by the psychosocial and socio-cultural context.Hence,it is imperative to thoroughly understand the psychosocial changes adolescents experienced during the pandemic and implement effective management initiatives.Data sources We examined the incidence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents aged 10-19 years globally and regionally.We utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2021 to compare pre-pandemic(2018-2019)and pandemic(2020-2021)periods.Our investigation covered 204 countries and territories across the six World Health Organization regions.We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Google Scholar,employing search terms such as"psychosocial","adolescent","youth","risk factors","COVID-19 pandemic","prevention",and"intervention".Results During the pandemic,the mental health outcomes of adolescents deteriorated,particularly in terms of depressive and anxiety disorders.According to GBD 2021,the incidence rate of anxiety disorders increased from 720.26[95％uncer-tainty intervals(UI)=548.90-929.19]before the COVID-19 pandemic(2018-2019)to 880.87 per 100,000 people(95％UI=670.43-1132.58)during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020-2021).Similarly,the incidence rate of major depressive dis-order increased from 2333.91(95％UI=1626.92-3138.55)before the COVID-19 pandemic to 3030.49 per 100,000 people(95％UI=2096.73-4077.73)during the COVID-19 pandemic.This worsening was notably pronounced in high-income countries(HICs).Rapid environmental changes,including heightened social anxiety,school closures,economic crises,and exacerbated racism,have been shown to adversely affect the mental well-being of adolescents.Conclusions The abrupt shift to remote learning and the absence of in-person social interactions heightened feelings of loneliness,anxiety,sadness,and stress among adolescents.This change magnified existing socioeconomic disparities,posing additional challenges.These complexities profoundly impact adolescents'well-being,especially vulnerable groups like those from HICs,females,and minorities.Acknowledging the underreporting bias in low-to middle-income countries highlights the importance of addressing these mental health alterations in assessments and interventions within these regions as well.Urgent interventions are crucial as the pandemic-induced mental stress may have lasting effects on adolescents'mental health.

Key words

Adolescents/Global/Mental health/Pandemic/Psychosocial

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出版年

2024

世界儿科杂志(英文版)

CSTPCD

ISSN：

段落导航