Effects of rainfall-runoff on the occurrence characteristics and migration behavior of microplastics in soil and water environments
[Objective]The aims of this review are to investigate the occurrence and migration of microplastics(MPs)in rainfall-runoff processes within aquatic and terrestrial environments,to clarify the mechanisms driving MPs migration during these events,to evaluate their impacts on ecosystems and organisms,to identify research gaps,and to provide theoretical and scientific guidance for pollution mitigation.[Methods]A review of literature on the environmental behavior of MPs under rainfall-runoff conditions was conducted,with keyword visualization analysis performed using VOSviewer.This analysis covered the sources of MPs in rainfall-runoff,their occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial environments,and their migration mechanisms and influencing factors in aquatic systems.[Results](1)MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are predominantly fibers and fragments,with their characteristics influenced by factors such as density,particle size,rainfall patterns,and pollution sources.(2)MPs in rainfall-runoff primarily originate from terrestrial surfaces and atmospheric deposition.(3)In aquatic systems,MPs transport is governed by gravity,hydrodynamics,and precipitation intensity,resulting in high mobility with rainfall-runoff.(4)In soil,MPs movement is affected by precipitation,bioturbation,and soil physicochemical properties(e.g.,organic matter,porosity,conductivity,pH).Rainfall intensity,duration,and frequency significantly influence MPs penetration depth and concentration.[Conclusion]While rainfall can reduce airborne MPs exposure,it can also increase ecological risks by facilitating MPs entry into soil and water via runoff.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms and factors influencing MPs migration in rainfall-runoff contexts.
rainfallmicroplasticssoil and water environmentoccurrencemigration mechanism
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