摘要
白蜡多年卧孔菌生于白蜡树、檫木、杨树、柳树等阔叶腐木上,造成白色腐朽,药用具有抑肿瘤功效.该菌在山东省广泛分布.对采自山东省的子实体进行组织分离获取菌株作为实验材料对其生物学特性和驯化栽培进行研究,得出最佳的菌丝生长条件和子实体出菇培养条件.生物学特性研究中,首先对温度、pH值、碳源、氮源4个因素进行单因素实验.温度组选取15、20、25、30、35℃5个梯度,pH值组选取pH值4、5、6、7、8等5个梯度,碳源组选取葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、乳糖、果糖6种,氮源组选取酵母膏、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、牛肉膏、黄豆粉、亚硝酸钠6种,进行单因素实验.根据菌丝在培养皿中的日均生长速度和生长势综合比较,分别选取4个因素中最优的3个,温度组选取20℃、25℃、30℃3个；pH值组选取pH值5、6、7等3个；碳源组选取麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉、果糖3个；氮源组选取酵母膏、蛋白胨、牛肉膏3个.然后通过四因素三水平的正交试验,得出如下结论:4种因子对白蜡多年卧孔菌的影响程度为:温度＞pH值＞碳源＞氮源,各因素之间呈极显著差异,最终得出该菌菌丝生长的最佳培养条件为温度30℃,pH值为6,碳源为麦芽糖,氮源为酵母膏.出菇试验中,对驯化栽培过程按二级种制作、栽培袋制作、发菌、催蕾、出菇期管理、采收6个步骤进行实验.二级种选用液体菌种,其配方:每1000 mL的培养基成分为葡萄糖20 g、蛋白胨6 g、酵母膏5 g、MgSQ1 g、KH2PO4 2 g.培养条件温度25℃、摇床转速150 r/min,待培养6d后使用.出菇栽培采用棉籽壳、麸皮、石灰为主要原料,按棉籽壳79％、麦麸20％、石灰粉1％的配比进行出菇实验,每袋接种量5 mL.发菌阶段需要在清洁的环境中进行,以防止杂菌的污染.白蜡多年卧孔菌菌丝最佳培养温度为30℃,需要通风、避光.出菇时需要14-16℃的低温刺激.子实体生长温度为21-27℃,空气湿度80％-90％.需要一定的散射光光照.当出现乳白色子实层且子实体不再生长时可以进行采收,子实体形态和野生形态相同.
Abstract
Perenniporia fraxinea is a kind of white-rot fungi that is always found in rotten wood of broad-leaved trees,such as Fraxinus chinensis,sassafrases tzumu,Poplus spp.and Salix spp.This fungus is also a medicinal mushroom with antitumor effects,and is widely distributed in Shandong province of China.In this paper,the biological characteristics of the fungus and the optimal cultivation conditions of Shandong strain isolated from the fruiting body were studied.For the screening of single optimal factor,temperatures from 15 ℃ to 35 ℃ at 5 ℃ interval,pH at 4 to 9 at 1 interval and each of 6 carbon sources and nitrogen sources were tested for the mycelia growth rate and mycelia growth potential.As a result,the fungus grew better on maltose,soluble starch,fructose as the carbon sources; yeast extract,peptone,beef extract as the nitrogen sources; 20 ℃,25 ℃,30 ℃ and pH 5,6,7.The orthogonal experiments with the above selected three conditions for each of the four factors were then performed and the optimal cultivation conditions were determined.A descending order of the impact for the four factors was temperature ＞ pH ＞ carbon source ＞ nitrogen source and the F-test showed very significant difference among all the four factors.The optimal culture condition for Perenniporiafraxinea was the combination of Starch plus Yeast anointed with pH 6 and at 30 ℃.In the domestication experiments of Perenniporia fraxinea,the stages of pre-culture spawn,of manufacturing cultural bags,of spawn running,of inducenent to primordium,of fruiting period management,of collected periods were studied.Liquid fermentation culture was chosen for the pre-culture spawn with the following recipe:1000 mL fermentation medium:Glucose 20 g,Peptone 6 g,Yeast anointed 5g,MgSO4 1 g,KH2PO4 2 g,and with the conditions of culture:150 r/rmin,6 days at 25 ℃.Cottonseed hull,bran,lime were used as the main fruiting cultivation materials.For the fruiting test,the following recipe of the cultivation medium was used:cottonseed hull 79％,bran 20％,lime 1％.Five mL liquid spawn per cultural bag was used for inoculation.On the stage of spawn running,clean environment was essential in order to prevent contamination.The optimal condition for this stage was to keep a steady temperature of 30 ℃ and darkness,ventilation.On the stage of inducement to primordium,a lower temperature of 14-16 ℃ was required.On the stage of fruiting period management and for fruit growth,the optimal temperature range was 21-27 ℃,and relative humidity range was 80％-90％,scattered light was needed.On the stage of harvest,Perenniporia fraxinea could be picked up when milk white hymenium appeared and the fruiting body stopped growing.The cultivated fruiting bodies showed the appearance identical to the wild ones under optimal conditions.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据