摘要
针对西北干旱煤炭矿区生态环境问题识别不清,生态修复技术模式针对性不强,措施单一等问题,以宁东煤炭基地6座煤矸石山及周边自然地为研究对象,运用主成分分析法进行立地类型划分,运用复合模糊物元熵权法从土壤改良效果、植被恢复效果和技术措施状况(技术措施完整性和经济性)3个方面共19项指标构建评价体系,确定各指标权重及进行综合评价,筛选不同立地类型对位生态修复技术模式,旨在为西北干旱区生态修复提供技术支撑.结果表明:(1)坡向、坡度和土层厚度为立地类型划分主导因子,据此将矸石山分厚层急阴坡、中层斜阴坡、厚层斜阴坡、薄层急阳坡、中层斜阳坡、厚层斜阳坡、中层斜半阴半阳坡、厚层斜半阴半阳坡、薄层急半阴半阳坡及厚层平台9种立地类型;(2)中层斜半阴半阳坡立地类型,推荐"砾石沙障"模式或"活体沙障"模式;厚层急阴坡、薄层急阳坡立地类型,推荐"撒播草籽+挡矸墙+环保树脂网工程护坡+排水沟+微喷"模式;中层斜阴坡、中层斜阳坡立地类型,推荐"撒播草籽+挡矸墙+排水沟+草方格"模式;厚层平台立地类型,推荐"植苗造林+草方格+截水沟"模式.
Abstract
For the northwest arid coal mining area ecological environment problem identification is not clear,ecological restoration technology model is not targeted,a single measure and other issues,this study to Ningdong coal base six Gangue Mountain and the surrounding natural land for the object of study,the use of principal component analysis method for the division of the stand type,the use of composite fuzzy object entropy weight method from the effect of soil improvement,the effect of vegetation restoration and the status of the technical measures(technical measures integrity and using the composite fuzzy entropy weight method,we constructed an evaluation system with 19 indicators in 3 aspects,determined the weights of each indicator and comprehensive evaluation,and screened the ecological restoration technology models of different land types,aiming to provide technical support for the gangue mountain in the Northwest Arid Zone.The results show that:(1)Slope direction,slope gradient and soil thickness are the dominant factors in the classification of land types,according to which the gangue mountain is classified into four land type groups:yin slope,yang slope,semi-yin and semi-yang slope and platform land type groups,and nine types of land types:thick sharp yin slope,middle sloping yin slope,thick sloping yin slope,thin sharp yang slope,middle sloping yang slope,thick sloping yang slope,middle sloping semi-yin and semi-yang slope,thick sloping semi-yin and semi-yang slope,thin sharp semi-yin and semi-yang slope and thick layer.Platform elevation type;(2)for the land type of middle-layer sloping semi-yin and semi-positive slope,the recommended mode is"gravel sand barriers"or"living sand barriers";the mode of thick-layer rapid sand barriers is"sand barriers";and the mode of thick-layer rapid sand barriers is"sand barriers";and the mode of thick-layer rapid sand barriers is"sand barriers"."mode;thick layer acute yin slope,thin layer acute yang slope land type,recommended"sowing grass seed+gangue wall+environmental protection resin network engineering slope protection+drainage ditch+micro-spraying"mode;middle layer sloping yin slope,middle layer slope land type,recommended"sowing grass seed+gangue wall+drainage ditch+grass square"mode;middle layer sloping yin slope,middle layer slope land type,recommended"sowing grass seed+gangue wall+drainage ditch+grass square"mode.Drainage ditch+grass square lattice"mode;thick layer platform land type,recommended"seedling planting+grass square lattice+intercepting water ditch"mode.
维普
万方数据