Understanding tourists'actual use process of cultural ecosystem service:a case study of Wuyishan National Park
The research on cultural ecosystem services(CES)has often lacked analysis from the perspective of users and their actual use processes.Building upon existing findings on cultural services,this study focuses on a crucial CES user group-tourists,within the context of Wuyishan National Park.The study employs the framework method,a qualitative research technique that allows the systematic organization of textual data into predetermined codes and categories,and is suitable for exploring subjective perspectives.Online travel blogs,as records of tourists'subjective experiences,were chosen as the primary data source.A basic framework was developed based on existing CES conceptual models,and the online travel blogs were systematically analyzed using coding techniques to identify themes and concepts.The analysis revealed a multi-faceted CES use process,categorized into three primary themes:use objects,embodied perception,and meaning generation beyond embodied experiences.(1)Use Objects:Tourists interact with various spatial entities in the park,categorized into geological features and landforms,flora and fauna,weather and meteorological conditions,human-modified nature,human culture and artificial structures,and mixed elements.Each category encompasses specific attributes,such as the iconic Danxia landforms and diverse biota,frequently mentioned by tourists.(2)Embodied Perception:This theme includes tourists'direct sensory interactions with the environment,involving visual,auditory,tactile,olfactory,gustatory,and proprioceptive experiences.These sensory interactions are fundamental to tourists'embodied experiences and are often multi-sensory,combining different senses to enhance the overall experience.(3)Meaning Generation:Beyond the immediate sensory experiences,tourists often generate deeper meanings through their interactions with the environment.These meanings include associative spiritual experiences,informational flows,and emotional responses,which contribute to the cultural significance of the park.For instance,tourists'encounters with the natural beauty of the park can inspire spiritual reflections or evoke historical associations,enriching their overall experience.The framework developed in this study illustrates how tourists'interactions with the park's natural and cultural features contribute to the realization of CES.The process begins with the sensory perception of use objects,leading to embodied experiences,and ultimately resulting in the generation of deeper meanings that enhance the cultural value of the park.This study highlights the importance of understanding CES from the user's perspective,particularly in natural protected areas like Wuyishan National Park.By focusing on tourists'sensory experiences and the meanings they derive from these interactions,the research provides insights into the complex and subjective nature of CES.The findings suggest that effective management of natural parks should consider the diverse ways in which tourists engage with and derive value from the environment.Enhancing tourists'sensory and cultural experiences can not only improve their satisfaction but also foster a deeper appreciation and conservation ethic.Future research should continue to explore the intricate dynamics of CES,incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how these services are perceived and valued by different user groups.
cultural ecosystem serviceactual use processtouristframework methodWuyishan National Park
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