Progress in Study on Mechanism of DNA Demethylation
As a significant epigenetic modification, DNA methylation plays a critical role in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability in mammals and flowering plants. DNA methylation level and pattern of change will lead to abnormal phenotype or even death. The level and pattern of 5-Mc are determined by both DNA methylation and demethylation processes. Demethylation of DNA can be passive and active. The formation of DNA methylation pattern depends on the active demethylation. Five potential mechanisms of DNA active demethylation are reviewed in this paper: base excision repair involved with DNA glycosylases, base excision repair involved with enzymatic deamination, nucleotide excision repair, oxidative demethylation and hydrolysis.
DNA demethylationDNA glycosylases/lyaseBase excision repairNnucleotide excision repair
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