Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Short-term Memory Impairment by the Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in Mouse
Objective:To investigate the effects of Chronic intermittent hypoxia on the short-term memory and possible mecha-nisms involved.Methods:The 8 weeks male C57BU6 mouse were randomly divided into Room Air(RA)and Chronic intermittent hy-poxia(CIH)group.The CIH mice were exposed to CIH four weeks during the light phase(9 a.m.-9 p.m.).Measure the body weight of mice before and after the CIH;Open field test(OFT)and new object recognition tests(NORT)were used to assess autonomous motor ability and short-term memory of mice respond to CIH after four weeks,respectively.Hippocampus tissues were obtained to observe the neuron changes through Nissl Staining;Immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR were used to detect the activation of astrocytes in hippocampus tissue of mouse;Elisa detected changes in TNFα,IL-6,and IL-1β in mouse hippocampus tissue.Results:After 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxia,the average body weight of the RA group mice was significantly higher than that of the CIH group,and the differ-ence was statistically significant(P=0.002);The results of the OFT showed that there was no significant difference in total exercise dis-tance(P=0.3156)and velocity between the RA and CIH groups of mice(P=0.3157);There was no significant difference in the recogni-tion index between the two groups of mice during the training period of the NORT test(P=0.1596).During the testing period of the NORT test,CIH mice spent less time exploring new objects than RA mice,and the recognition index of the CIH group was significantly lower than that of the RA group(P=0.0063);Nissl staining showed that neurons in the hippocampus CA1 of CIH mice were sparse and Nissl bodies were pale;Immunofluorescence staining showed that the relative GFAP positive area in the hippocampus CA1 region of CIH mice was higher than that in the RA group(P=0.0223);qRT-PCR showed that the expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of CIH group mice was significantly higher than that of RA group mice(P-0.0175);The levels of TNFα(P=0.02),IL-6(P=0.0492),and IL-1 β(P=0.0473)in the hippocampus of CIH mice increased compared to the RA group by Elisa.Conclusions:Chronic intermittent hypoxia for 4 weeks may induce short-term memory impairment in mice by inducing hippocampus inflammation.
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