Identifying biodiversity hotspots and conservation gaps in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park based on macrofungi and plants perspectives
Aims:Predicting the suitable habitats for threatened species and identifying biodiversity hotspots are highly effective for developing scientifically sound biodiversity conservation strategies.However,current research on the identification of suitable habitats and biodiversity hotspots primarily focused on animals and plants,with little consideration for macrofungi.Methods:We used species lists and distribution information obtained from baseline surveys of macrofungi and plant diversity conducted on Hainan Island between 2013 and 2022,as well as resources from the GBIF public database,to screen macrofungi(16 species)and plants(45)that were threatened or in need of priority protection.Using the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,the suitable habitats for individual target species within the national park were first predicted.Biodiversity hotspot areas for macrofungi and plants were identified through distribution map layers overlay,and the similarities and differences between them were compared.These results were then compared with the current boundaries of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park to evaluate the effectiveness and gaps in the protection of macrofungi and plants by the national park.Results:The results showed that the total area of biodiversity hotspot regions for macrofungi and plants across Hainan Island was 271.9 km2 and 889.0 km2,respectively,with an overlapping hotspot area of 214.0 km2(78.7％).Non-overlapping hotspot areas were 57.9 km2 for macrofungi and 675.0 km2 for plants.Macrofungi formed a substantial secondary hotspot region(2,412.8 km2)in the northeastern coastal area of Hainan Island,which was a cold spot region for plants.When considering both macrofungi and plants,the total hotspot area across Hainan Island was 601.0 km2,with 572.8 km2(95.3％)located within the national park and 518.2 km2(86.2％)within the core protection zone of the national park,mainly concentrated in the mountain rainforest at an altitude of 700-1,200 m.There were 54.6 km2 of hotspot areas within the general control zone of the national park and 28.2 km2 of hotspot areas located outside the boundaries of the tropical rainforest national park in southeastern Hainan Island.Conclusion:Biodiversity conservation should be strengthened in these areas.Including macrofungi in biodiversity hotspot identification analysis can more effectively protect biodiversity and the integrity of ecosystems.
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