Distribution of grasshoppers(Orthoptera:Acridoidea)in different grassland types across the middle zone of the northern Qilian Mountains,western China
Aims:This field investigation attempts to determine the diversity and distributions patterns of grasshopper species across different grassland types in the middle zone of the Qilian Mountains in western China,and to analyze the relationship between grasshopper diversity and environmental factors.Methods:From June to August in the years 2021 to 2023,grasshoppers were collected utilizing sweep netting across various types of grasslands situated in the middle zone of the northern Qilian Mountains.Simultaneously,Grassland vegetation composition was investigated,and environmental data were extracted using ArcGIS.Results:A total of 6,176 grasshoppers were collected,encompassing 48 species from 28 genera and 9 families,including 1 new record species for Gansu Province.The highest number of grasshopper species was found in mountain steppe,followed by temperate desert and temperate desert steppe,with the lowest in alpine desert.The dominant species were different among different type of grasslands.Myrmeleotettix palpalis was widely distributed except in alpine desert,swamp meadow and lowland meadows.Epacromius coerulipes,Oxya adentata,and Euchorthippus vittatus were found only in swamp meadow and lowland meadow,while Ptygomastax longifemora was exclusive to alpine desert.Grasshopper communities showed extreme similarity between alpine shrub meadow,as well as between mountain steppe and mountain meadow.Moderate similarity was observed between mountain meadow and alpine meadow,temperate grassland desert and temperate desert steppe,and temperate desert and temperate grassland desert.Shannon-Wiener diversity index for grasshopper was significantly higher in mountain meadow and temperate grassland desert than in other grassland types.Simpson dominance index was significantly higher in temperate desert,temperate grassland desert,and mountain meadow.Pielou evenness index was highest in alpine desert,while species richness was highest in mountain meadow,mountain steppe,and alpine shrub meadow.Vegetation cover was significantly higher in swamp meadow,mountain meadow,alpine meadow,and alpine shrub meadow compared to other types of grasslands.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson dominance index,and Margalef richness index includes vegetation were highest in alpine meadow,and lowest in temperate grassland desert.Pielou evenness index was highest in alpine shrub meadow and lowest in alpine desert.At a regional scale,climate had the greatest impact on grasshopper species diversity and distribution,with lesser effect from soil and vegetation.Conclusion:The complex and diverse topography,along with the various grassland types in the northern Qilian Mountains,drives the diversity of grasshopper species and the heterogeneity of species distribution in this area.Each grasshopper species has its specific grassland habitats and ecological amplitude.The climate serves as the primary factor influencing the diversity and distribution of grasshoppers on the regional scale.
the northern Qilian Mountainsnatural grasslandgrassland typegrasshopper speciesdiversity
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