Research Progress of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
Small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)are a class of extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure,which can participate in intercellular communication and be used as nanovesicles for drug delivery.The microRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),circular RNA(circRNA),and proteins in sEVs are important mechanisms to regulate the development of tumors,and reflect the physiological and functional states of cells.They are present in large quantities in the plasma,urine,and saliva of patients,so the analysis and detection of sEVs may become a novel means of tumor diagnosis.In addition to being a biomarker for tumor diagnosis,sEVs can also regulate the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells,drug resistance,cytokine secretion and expression,and immune response via their contents or as specific drug delivery carriers to exert their anti-tumor effects.This paper summarizes the last five years of research on the use of RNAs(miRNAs,lncRNAs,circRNAs)and proteins in sEVs as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and their therapeutic potential in breast cancer,and describes the advantages and shortcomings of sEVs as a new type of diagnostic and therapeutic method to provide references for the future clinical application of sEVs in the field of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Small extracellular vesiclesExosomesBreast cancerBiomarkersDelivery carrierDiagnosis and treatment
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