Enzymatic Modifications and Biotransformation of Phytosterols
Phytosterols are natural compounds with a cyclopentane nucleus and are widely present in various foods of plant origin,especially enriched in corn oil.As a novel food additive,phytosterols have been added into many fortified foods,including low-fat beverages,dairy products and bread.Moreover,phytosterols also exhibit versatile biological activities,including serum cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the practical application effectiveness of phytosterols has been severely underestimated due to their extremely low bioavailability,high melting point and low solubility in water and in oil.In rencent decades,enzymatic modification of the side chain and core of phytosterols has made great progress.This review focuses on the molecular modification of phytosterols using various biocatalysts to redesign their character.Moreover,the prospects of synthetic biotechnology for phytosterol biotransformation are also discussed in this review.
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