Functional Mechanism and Advances of Novel Nano-adjuvants for Animal Vaccines
Currently,most animal vaccine adjuvants are aluminum salt adjuvants and oil emulsion adjuvants,which have disadvantages such as poor immune efficacy and apparent adverse effects.Therefore,a safe and effective new adjuvant replacement is urgently needed.With the further research of nanoparticles in the field of adjuvant application,the advantages of nanoparticle adjuvants,such as good biocompatibility,immune enhancement,nano-size effect,antigen loading capacity,antigen sustained release effect and tissue targeting,have attracted researchers'interest.Nanoparticle adjuvants are expected to be used as a new animal vaccine adjuvant for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases.To date,significant progress has been made in researching nano-vaccines for animal diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,porcine epidemic diarrhea,African swine fever,bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease,foot-and-mouth disease,avian influenza and Newcastle disease.This review not only summarizes the application and mechanism of animal vaccine nanoparticle adjuvants in domestic and international research status,but also includes the analysis results of physical and chemical factors affecting the immune-enhancing effect of nanoparticle adjuvants,in order to provide reference for the development of new animal vaccine adjuvants.
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