Research Progress on Exosome-based Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicular structures with a diameter of 40-150 nm that are shed from the cell membrane or secreted by cells.They consist of a bilayer membrane and encapsulate various substances such as DNA,mRNA,microRNA,circRNA,and proteins.Almost all living cells,including tumor cells,can secrete exosomes,which play a critical role in cell communication,signal transduction,cargo delivery,tumor therapy,and diagnosis.The unique biological properties,preferential homing to tumors,and targeted drug delivery capabilities make exosomes attractive biomarkers and effective tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Therefore,comprehensive research on exosomes as nanomaterials will undoubtedly accelerate the progress of their application in cancer treatment.This article summarizes the targeted delivery function of exosomes and discusses their role in cancer diagnosis,immunotherapy,tumor microenvironment,and drug resistance.It is expected to provide insights into the development and evaluation of exosome-based tumor therapy.
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