mRNA-based Vaccination Technology for Infectious Diseases:Recent Progress and Future Challenges
As a revolutionary technology,messenger RNA(mRNA)vaccines have shown immense potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.Compared to novel DNA vaccines,mRNA vaccines avoid the risk of genomic integration,and they significantly accelerate development speed and increase production efficiency compared to widely used protein-based vaccines.mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens,adapt to different pathogen variants,and have dual functions as antigen encoders and adjuvants,effectively eliciting robust immune responses.However,further optimization of mRNA stability,immunogenicity,and safety,as well as the efficiency enhancement of delivery systems,especially lipid nanoparticles(LNPs),remain key challenges in technology development.Globally,the successful use of mRNA vaccines in diseases such as COVID-19 has opened up a new direction in vaccine research,indicating their potential for broader application in disease prevention and treatment.On this basis,the latest advances in mRNA vaccine sequence optimization strategies,delivery systems,and their application in infectious diseases are reviewed with the aim of providing a comprehensive reference for future research and applications.
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